Mars

The illustration on the right side of this page shows the Dendera Zodiac in its natural state with no rotations applied to the stones and with the God that represents Mars, already identified by scholars in the past from its hieroglyph inscription, highlighted in the night sky circle. The decryption rotations need to be applied to the stone circles to be able to start to analyse the manner in which Mars is encoded into the carving, which can be performed by clicking the next button.


To decrypt Mars' formation geometry, which must align with the Mars God's staff line, not only are the celestial axis lines from the Earth geometry required but also the true anomaly line of the Earth, the Earth's focal points and the geometric circles of the Decan stone ring that were determined earlier on the Dendera Zodiac dimensions page. These features can be added to the illustration by clicking the next button, noting that the lower focal point circle of the Earth is not positioned on the white axis line, but are very close to it and on the Earth's orbit apsis line.


The celestial axes of the Earth have been calculated as they were on the previous Earth page but then have to be positioned so that their origin is located at the westerly focal point of the Earth's orbit. The two outer circles that are drawn around the Decan ring are those that were calculated previously when the dimensions of the Dendera Zodiac were determined. The yellow inner circle has a radius that places the three circles equally spaced apart, and is an addition to the geometry. The intersection of the Earth's true anomaly line with this yellow circle is marked with the small yellow marker point and this point can be called the 'first intersection point'. It is from this starting geometry that the Mars system can be deduced because the small yellow marker is directly inline with the Mars God's staff.

1) RESOLVING THE FRAMEWORK OF MARS

The first step is to determine the angle between the blue true anomaly line of the Earth and the God's staff line. The angle is taken from the NASA DE441 data in table 9 on the previous planet page and is the decimal portion of the time of periapsis 724600.343336072750 converted into degrees to give 343.336072750°, or 16.66392725° which is easier to visualise on the illustration. The staff line can now be added by clicking on the following button.


There are now three small yellow marker points on the staff line. The first intersection point, the intersection of the staff line with the west celestial axis of the Earth, and the primary location point at the hand of the Mars God. These points are equally spaced apart along the line and provide the essential cross check mechanism that confirms that the geometry is correctly formulated.

The next stage is to rotate and move the celestial axes from their current position so that their origin becomes the hand of the Mars God and with the celestial north direction being in the top left. The axes can be animated into position by clicking the next button.

2) SOLVING MARS USING NASA DE441 DATA

The numerous construction lines used in the geometry and Decan ring circles can be removed from the illustration by clicking the next button, leaving just Mars' celestial axes and the Mars God on the illustration.


It is now possible animate the three principal astronomy angles onto the illustration in the same manner as was done on all previous pages. In order to do this the NASA ephemeris data is required for the Mars planet system, which includes Mars and its two moons Phobos and Deimos rotating around a common barycenter, at the moment given in DE441 for the geometric winter solstice of 2729 BCE.

The first of the astronomy angles that needs animating is the longitude of the ascending node angle of the Mars planet system's orbit projected from the ICRF reference plane onto the plane of the orbit of The Moon, which is the plane of the Dendera Zodiac. This can be shown on the illustration by clicking the following button, and there are no significant carving alignments for this angle.


The argument of periapsis is the next angle that can be plotted by clicking the following button, again with no alignment carving showing up.


The focal points of the orbit of the Mars system can now be marked onto the green apsis line.


The final of the three principal astronomy angles is the true anomaly and this can be animated onto the illustration by clicking the next button, where once again there are no carvings that align with this angle.


The coloured arcs can be removed from the animation to leave just the celestial axes and the three principal astronomy angles of Mars by clicking the next button.


The geometric system finishes with the same movement of the astronomy lines and celestial axes that was seen on the previous pages where they are moved to the eastern focal point of the planet system's orbit. There is an additional feature added to the Mars system at this juncture where the geometry lines are also rotated by 90° clockwise during the translation of their center point onto the focal point. This transition can be animated onto the illustration by clicking the following button.


It is only at this final stage that the alignment carvings for the geometry appear and on the five lines that are currently drawn on the illustration there are twelve alignment carvings. This shows without any doubt that the geometry system just shown is correct and makes the recognition of the system particularly difficult to determine because it needs to be run to completion before the alignment points appear. The twelve alignment points can be highlighted by clicking on the following button.


The principal alignments of the system are on the red longitude of the ascending node line where it runs along the falcon God's face at the top of the line and at the bottom of this line where it runs along the arm of the western standing Goddess. The upper of these two alignment points on the falcon God is used to determine the precision in the value of GM for Mars when the ephemeris data is extracted from the system.

Of the ten other alignment points there is one which is significant, and that is the lower alignment point on the green apsis line. At this point the apsis line aligns with the stem of the sickle that the carved bull God is holding and this bull God has never been identified by scholars. It can therefore be deduced that it will be used on a future planet system, and because the planets Jupiter and Saturn are explicitly marked on the Dendera Zodiac's inner night sky section with hieroglyphs, this God carving is most likely Uranus and is symbolised from the mythology of the Roman God Cronus with his sickle with which he attacked the God Uranus.

3) EXTRACTING THE EPHEMERIS DATA FOR MARS

The illustration can now be set up with the celestial axes and the gravity marker point so that it is ready for the extraction of the numerical data from the Dendera Zodiac sculpture. The gravity marker is the mini planet system at the bottom left of the sculpture which has been used on all the previous pages.










The GM value for Mars uses two alignment mechanisms to ensure that the value can be extracted to the required precision. The first alignment is to the falcon God at the top of the carving which was also used as the primary alignment point for the astronomy lines earlier. The second alignment mechanism is the Standard Gravitational Parameter carving at the lower left that has to be used on every planet system.

4) THE DENDERA EPHEMERIS DATA FOR MARS

The full ephemeris for the Mars planet system at the moment of the geometric winter solstice in 2729 BCE, taken entirely from the Dendera Zodiac, is shown below in table 12. The values in the table that were not directly extracted from the stonework have been calculated from the extracted values using the software than runs this website by applying standard celestial mechanics formulae.

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